2024年12月英語(yǔ)四級(jí)語(yǔ)法入門(mén)知識(shí)必須具備：動(dòng)詞

動(dòng)詞

時(shí)態(tài)

1)目前完成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài): 動(dòng)作或狀況從過(guò)去某時(shí)開(kāi)始,繼續(xù)到目前,可能繼續(xù)下去,也會(huì)剛剛結(jié)束.

I’ve been writing letters for an hour.

I’ve been sitting in the garden.

2)過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí): 過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)刻以前一直在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作

I’d been working for some time when he called.

We had been waiting for her for two hours by the time she came.

3)以后完成進(jìn)行時(shí): 以后某個(gè)時(shí)刻以前一直在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作.

By next summer, he will have been working here for twenty years.

In another month’s time she’ll have been studying here for three years.

4)以后完成時(shí): 以后某時(shí)已發(fā)生的事.

I shall have finished this one before lunch.

They’ll have hit the year’s target by the end of October.

語(yǔ)態(tài)

可以有兩種被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)的種類(lèi),比如:

He was said to be jealous of her success.

It was said that he was jealous of her success.

能同時(shí)適用于上述兩個(gè)句型的主動(dòng)詞一般都是表示“估計(jì)”,“相信”等意義的動(dòng)詞,容易見(jiàn)到的有assume,believe,expect,fear,feel,know,presume,report,say,suppose,understand等.

It is supposed that the ship has been sunk.

The ship is supposed to have been sunk.

擔(dān)當(dāng)be supposed to 與不定式的一般形式搭配時(shí)總是表示不一樣的意義.比如:

Why are you driving so fast in this area? You are supposed to know the speed to know the speed limit.

雙賓語(yǔ)及賓補(bǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)

雙賓語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài): 雙賓語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí),可以把主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中的一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ),另一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)仍然保留在謂語(yǔ)后面,但多數(shù)是把間接賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ).

He was asked a number of questions at the press conference.

Two days were allowed them for making the necessary preparations.

賓補(bǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài):

She was called Big Sister by everybody.

Then he was made a squad leader.

He was considered quite qualified for the job.

The room was always kept clean and tidy.

短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞

Vi + adv

The plane took off two hours late.

Vi + prep

They looked round the Cathedral.

Vi + prep